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 About the redshift and if that accounts for an expanding universe that would be millions of years old...
Ok, let's go on to the question about the redshift. “Doesn't that prove that the universe is expanding? Or doesn't that prove that the universe is billions of years old?” Let me explain what they are talking about.
So the question is, what would be causing this? Why would some of these stars have the black line shifted over toward the red? Well, there are several theories about what is causing it. The most commonly accepted theory, and probably the only one that students are ever taught in school, is that the redshift is caused by what is known as the Doppler effect. If you have ever been waiting at the train tracks when the train is coming, as the train comes toward you, it is squeezing the sound waves, and so the pitch goes up. And when the train leaves you, it is stretching the sound waves, and so the pitch drops, and it goes ééééé úúúúú, as it goes by. That's called the Doppler effect, who cares. Well, this happens whether the sound is moving past you or you are moving past the sound. It doesn't matter, you still get this Doppler effect; the change in pitch. Well, the theory is that if a star was moving toward us, it would squeeze the light waves, giving it a blue-shift and if it is leaving us, it would give us a redshift, because it would stretch the light out. That's the theory, ok. What really causes it, I don't think anybody knows for sure.
This guy said: “This was an early sign that redshifts reliably indicate the distances to quasars. However, the diagram shows a wide scatter in apparent brightness at every redshift. In fact, there is little correlation of brightness to redshift at all! Either quasars come in an extremely wide range of intrinsic luminosities, as most people believe, or their redshifts do not indicate distance.”
Science News ran an article that said: “Another set of observations indicates that the universe appears to be 8.4 to 10.6 billion years old. The new work relied on the Hubble Space Telescope to obtain the distance to far away galaxies. A team led by Tanvir of the University of Cambridge in England used a two-step method to estimate the Hubble constant.” “Even the nearest Cepheids [Cepheid variable] are so remote that it is difficult to determine their absolute distances with any great accuracy. All large distances in astronomical literature are subject to an error of perhaps 10 percent, from this cause alone.”
Danny Faulkner is an astronomer at the University of South Carolina. He's a good friend of mine, and he's been down here to do some taping with us when I debated Hugh Ross. He's got a great article on his website. It's kind of long, but he says, “The young faint Sun paradox and the age of the solar system”
But here is what happens. Earth's atmosphere is about 100 miles thick. A space shuttle, in order to get free from friction, has to get up about 100 miles outside the air. And you know, straight up, a hundred miles is not that far. It's from here, only halfway to Tallahassee, you know. But if you go up look at the atmosphere, it has very distinct layers to it, which is kind of interesting. It has a heat sink, where it gets very, very cold, up about seven or eight miles up. Like 80 or 90 or a 100 below zero.
This radio-active Carbon-14 is different than regular carbon. It's produced by radiation striking the atmosphere. Sunlight strikes the atmosphere, slaps the nitrogen around and turns it into Carbon-14. So it all starts by the sunlight hitting the atmosphere, just to give you the procedure here. About 21 pounds (9 kg) of Carbon-14 is produced every year, and that is spread out all over the world. If I told you there are 21 pounds (9 kg) of gold, but it's spread out equally, all over the world, forget it, I'm not even going to go look for it. You're not going to find it. Real tiny amounts. If you look at the periodic table of elements, carbon and nitrogen are right next to each other. Nitrogen has an atomic weight of 14. Carbon has an atomic weight of 12. But if the sunlight slaps the nitrogen around, it'll knock a few things off of it, and it becomes Carbon-14. So it still weighs as much as the nitrogen, but now it is considered a carbon.
It's called radio-active, which does not mean it listens to the radio. It is just unstable, and it is going to break apart. It's like three guys dating the same girl, that relationship is not going to last, ok, forever. Something will go wrong. Find the one you want, Jonathan, just marry her and be happy the rest of your live, ok.
Probably a reasonable assumption, and I don't argue with them. I just point out that this is one of dozens of assumptions, that can enter in to really mess up things like carbon dating. So probably you have .0000765% carbon in you, because you've been eating these plants or you have been eating these animals, which have been eating these plants. Probably it's all balanced in nature.
Now whatever it had is going to decay. It was decaying while it was alive. But now there is nothing to replace it.
So while it was alive, it should have had about 0.0000765%. If it only has 0.00003825% it's been dead for one half life. Or two half-lives or three half-lives, etc. In theory it never goes to zero. But for practical purposes, you can't measure beyond a certain amount. You know, you're going to run out of stuff to measure. It goes from a ½ to a ¼ to a ⅛ to a 1/16 to ...not enough to measure. A great article came out from the Institute for Creation Research (ICR). They are the ones who did the RATE project, www.icr.org. They said: “With their short 5,700-year half-life, no carbon 14 atoms should exist in any carbon older than 250,000 years. [It should all be gone.] Yet it has proven impossible to find any natural source of carbon below the ice age (Pleistocene) that does not contain significant amounts of Carbon-14, even though such strata are supposed to be millions or billions of years old. Conventional Carbon-14 laboratories have been aware of this anomaly since the early 1980s, and have striven to eliminate it, and are unable to account for it. Lately the world's best such laboratory which has learned during two decades of low-C14 measurements how not to contaminate specimens externally, under contract to creationists, they confirmed such observations for coal samples and even for a dozen diamonds.” Now, think what that means. The textbooks will tell you coal formed 250 million years ago in the Carboniferous Era. And yet when they test coal, it still has Carbon-14. How is that possible? If all the Carbon-14 atoms would have disappeared in say 30, 40, 50,000 years, why would there still be Carbon-14 atoms in coal? I got an idea..., it's not a quarter million years old? Oh, they don't like that answer. They'll keep searching until they find another answer, because they don't like that one, for sure. And diamonds, which they say formed millions and millions of years ago, you know, they still have Carbon-14 in them and it's not possible to contaminate one of those things. I mean, it's the hardest substance we have. So how do you get Carbon-14 in diamonds? And when did diamonds form? Well, I'm not sure when diamonds formed. I know Superman makes them in a few minutes. You know, he takes a piece of coal, squeezes it to give to, what's her name, you know, Olive Oyl... But they learned today, just in the last 20 years, I guess, how to make diamonds that are just indistinguishable from natural diamonds. High pressure, they've been doing it for years, making artificial diamonds, but they can't get them very big. Now, just, I think in 2005, they were able to make big diamonds with this synthetic process. [comments from a person in the public...] Take your pet, that's right; burn the body; cremate it; pressure it into a diamond. You can wear your dog the rest of your life, you know. Your ex-wife..., I don't think I want to do that. We were talking about that on the radio yesterday. Now the RATE project book (from ICR) is difficult reading, heavy reading. Jonathan, you're awfully smart. How far did you make it through the book? About half way and it's taken you almost a year? Yes, it is heavy reading. If you want the simplified, don't go down quite so deep version, this one is excellent by Donald B. DeYoung, Thousands, Not Billions. He kind of summarizes in real English what they said, different ways to show; look, it is not billions of years old. But the carbon dating assumptions need to be pointed out. They'll say: “Well, we know carbon decays at a certain rate and so we know it's only got half as much, as half as old.” There are some assumptions that mess up everything. I'll show you how it works. If I said: “We're going to fill a barrel with water,” so I hand Lea the hose. “Here Lea, fill this with water.”
And do you know, they have discovered that the earth has still not reached equilibrium. “Radiocarbon is still forming 30 to 40% faster than it's decay.” Suppose you walked into a room, and I said: “I want you to tell me..., here's this candle burning on a table, when was it lit.” You find out it was seven inches tall. You say: “Well, that won't tell me anything.” Now we've got to measure how fast it was burning. We measure the candle for awhile. We get an Olympic stopwatch, and we get it down to the nearest 40th bazillionth of a second, ok. And we all agree the candle is burning an inch an hour. Here's our two facts:
When was it lit? Nobody can figure it out, unless you make some assumptions.
Neither of those can be known. If you find a fossil in the dirt, the amount of carbon can be measured, and the rate of decay can be determined. We don't argue with either of those.
There's no way to know those things. If the earth had a canopy of water above the atmosphere, or a canopy of ice as we cover in seminar #2, that would have blocked out a lot of radiation from the Sun which would have prevented most of the Carbon-14 from even forming. So animals that lived before the flood would have lived in a world with much less Carbon-14 to begin with, maybe none, but certainly less. And when we dig up the fossil that's been buried for 4,400 years, let's say it started with four, whereas today we start with 16. We dig it up 4,400 years after the flood and say: “Wow, here's a mammoth that got buried, and it's carbon dated.” Oh, we're assuming it started at 16. When we test it and find it's got two. We think it's been through four half-lives, when it's actually only been through one half-life. Which is why it never works.
So when they publish an article in the paper and say: “We found a dinosaur bone or mammoth bone, and it was, you know, 17,221 years old and 6 months and 3 days.” Right, come on, you don't know that. They're making up this stuff. They are just absolutely making it up.
The KBS Tuff ; a ‘tuff’ is a layer of ash or lava, generally ash that has been packed and turned into rock, it's called tuff, t-u-f-f. Kay Behrensmeyer had been dating these samples with potassium-argon (K-Ar) dating. So here's the theory, when a volcano erupts, the rocks and stuff coming out are really hot and any gases in it should be able to escape. Well, potassium (K, a mineral) slowly turns into argon (Ar), and argon is a gas. They use it for welding over at the shop; argon welding, you know. Argon is a gas. So since potassium turns to argon.
Do you realize the earth is getting older at the rate of 21 million years per year? That's 40 years per minute.
I'll give you a couple examples of potassium-argon problems. And then we take a break.
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If light shines through a prism, it breaks it up into the rainbow colors; red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. Now if you take starlight and shine it into a prism, by putting a prism onto the back of your telescope, the light shines through and it gets broken up into the same colors; red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. And you can kind of tell what's burning, because different things burn different colors, like copper burns green. 
And each element produces a distinctive color and so they can kind of tell what's in the star and what it's burning by what color of light it produces. You can learn a lot about the stars from the light. However, as they look at this spectroscope, the colors it produces, there is little black lines in starlight indicating a particular element is burning, a particular element is burning, but they are shifted toward the red. You notice the center picture up there, the black lines are shifted toward the red side; and that's called the redshift. 
I don't think anybody knows for sure what's causing the redshift, but you certainly can't tell the distance to a star based on the redshift. And that's exactly what they try to do. They look at stars, and say: “That is redshifted more. It must be 10½ billion light years away, instead of 10.2 or something.” They make up an awful lot of imagination stuff over just a real little bit of science, in my opinion. 
This fellow said in Sky and Telescope magazine: “Thus for us the only conclusion is that at least some quasars are relatively nearby, and that a large fraction of their redshift is due to something other than the expansion of the universe.”
This article says: “A quasar with an enormous redshift was found embedded in a nearby spiral galaxy with a far lower redshift.” Now how can one star be inside another star, and they're giving you two different redshifts, if this indicates distance? If a quasar is inside a galaxy, they should both give you the same redshift; both being the same distance away. But they admitted they found this quasar inside a galaxy that had different redshifts, but yet they were obviously the same distance away. So they said: “According to the standard Big Bang view of the universe, the objects we call quasars are generally supposed to be at the very edge of the visible universe. They are supposed to be super-luminous black holes with a million or 100 million times more mass than our sun, surrounded by a disk of material. Some of the material falls into the black hole, causing the emission of huge amounts of energy.”
The article goes on to say: “You have to be very careful about drawing conclusions because all of the Hubble constant measurements have huge systematic errors.” I like this article which came out in Discover magazine a couple years ago: “Astronomers believed the Veil, one of the best studied supernova remnants, was 2,500 Light Years away and 18,000 years old. They were quite wrong. In fact, the Veil is only 1,500 Light Years away and 5,000 years old.”
The Bible says in the book of Isaiah 42: “God stretched out the heavens.” Isaiah 45: He “stretched out the heavens.” Jeremiah 10 (v. 12): He “stretched out the heavens.” 17 times in the Bible, it says: “God stretched out the heavens.” Now what does that mean? Well, I would guess it means that He stretched out the heavens, ok. I don't know that anybody knows, but here's a couple of options about what may be causing this redshift. Keep in mind, the redshift is probably the only bit of scientific data that is used to support the Big Bang theory. They look at the stars and say: “Wow, redshift, redshift, redshift, redshift. All these stars are moving away. What does that mean? Oh, that means they used to be all in one spot.” So the evidence for the Big Bang is the redshift. And the Big Bang has got to be one of the dumbest theories in the history of humanity. Here are some things that might be causing the redshift. 
Robert Gentry's got a great article in his website, www.halos.com. If you want to read more about the redshift and the problems with it, get all the technical stuff. But when you talk about the stars, 
there's a good book here by Brian Young called, The Stars: God's Word in the Sky. You can get it from our ministry for $10.00. It's a great book on the stars. Christians shouldn't be afraid of astronomy. Now, astrology is different. But not, astronomy, God created everything. Here's a book, Astronomy and the Bible. I don't know if this one's available from our website or not, but we can get Donald B. DeYoung. It is, Jonathan? Yes, it is on our website. An awesome book. If you want to read more, because I think we should study astronomy, study what God has made. 
This book is a little controversial. D. James Kennedy, of Coral Ridge Ministries, Coral Ridge Presbyterian Church in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. He says, the zodiac, he goes through the 12 zodiac symbols and says probably these originally had a gospel story to them, which has now been perverted into the horoscope. So go to www.coralridge.org if you want to get the book, which is about $6.00 or $8.00. But the Bible does talk about the constellations. It talks about Pleiades and Orion in Job 38 (v. 31). And Mazzaroth and Arcturus in Job 38 (v. 32-33). There are constellations mentioned in the Bible. Now what does this mean? Now I don't know, and I don't know anybody who knows for sure, but here's what some Christians think. That when God originally made the world, Adam did not have a Bible, it hadn't been written yet. So God gave Adam the Gospel story in the stars. 
The twelve different constellations told the story of the redemption, the coming of Christ. And may be the Sphinx, this is one theory, the Sphinx by the pyramid, you know, in Egypt. They say the Sphinx was built to tell us how to read the Zodiac, because it starts with the face of a woman, and ends with the body of a lion. So you start reading the zodiac, instead of starting in January, like we do, you should start with Virgo, the virgin, and you go through the twelve constellations and end with Leo the lion. I don't know. I know today the horoscope is all perverted, and Satan always takes what God does and twists it, perverts it, and changes it. But if you want to study that, that's fine. There appears to be something to that though, that may be there really is something to this Gospel in the stars. And Carl Baugh has a good theory, that each of the constellations is producing different radio waves. Stars produce radio waves. He thinks the canopy of ice that used to be above the earth could actually change those radio frequencies into audible waves, like a crystal radio does; it would actually vibrate. And Adam and Eve would be able to hear the music of the stars mentioned in Job chapter 38. Whether that's true or not, I don't know, but it sure preaches good that the whole Gospel story was being sung to them continually as they traveled around every year. Who knows? 
Anyway, second question: “Is the Sun shrinking?” There has been some controversy among creationist groups in the last 10 years over this question. The sun is shrinking. There is not much question about that, but does that prove it's not billions of years old? Well, I think so. The sun is burning obviously. You can step outside and look at it. It's losing about 5 million tons every second; quite a weight loss program. Well, that means of course, that it used to be bigger. You don't need to be too much of a genius to figure that out. Bulletin of American Astronomical Society ran an article back in ’79, which some people have argued about, the legitimacy of this. But they said: “Since 1836, more than one hundred different observers at the Royal Greenwich Observatory [that's in England] and the U.S. Naval Observatory have made direct, visual measurements that suggest the sun's diameter is shrinking at a rate of about 0.1% each century or about 5 feet (1.5 m) an hour.”
But I think we could all agree, the sun is burning. I think we could all agree it's getting smaller. “Several indirect techniques also confirm that the sun is shrinking, although these inferred about 1/7th as much.”
Well, if you go back billions of years, you would assume this would make a problem. If the sun were bigger, it would pretty soon absorb Mercury and then Venus and then Earth. I don't know how far back you'd have to go and I think Christians would be wise to not put a number on it. Don't say, well, you know, 18.6 million years ago, this would happen. Because what happens, the atheist then atheists argue about the number, and they miss the whole point. They miss the concept. The fact is, guys, it is burning. It used to be bigger. This creates a problem for your theory. A bigger problem, though, than just the size of the sun, is the mass. 
Gravity is directly proportional to how heavy the objects are, the mass of the object. If the sun were more massive, gravity would be stronger. And that is going to start sucking planets in, drawing them out of their orbits. So yes the sun is shrinking, and I think it creates a problem for those who want to believe that the universe is billions of years old. I wouldn't put a number on it, but it certainly makes a problem somewhere. 
Ok, “What about carbon dating?” I get asked this question all the time. Jonathan spent $70.00 to get this book, alright, and the new one is out, and it's $80.00 now? $80.00. Radioisotopes and the Age of the Earth. The RATE Project, R-A-T-E. I am sure not the world's expert on carbon dating. But I think I can explain things. I am a teacher. I can explain it as best I can. That's what a teacher is supposed to do. Take the complex and explain it so that the average person can get it. Since I operate at about fourth grade level, you know, I have to understand it myself first, so I can explain it. Let me explain how carbon dating is supposed to work. And then tell you the serious problems with it. Carbon dating was not invented until 1949, in the last 60 years. So when they started telling the kids the earth is billions of years old, back in 1830, they didn't tell them because of carbon dating. They'd never thought of carbon dating. It had never been heard of. Why were they teaching the earth is billions of years old 160 years ago? Well, because they needed billions of years to make their theory look good. That's why. I mean, if I told you a frog would turn into a prince if you kissed it, you don't say, well... it's a fairy tale. But if I told you: “Hey kids, the frog can turn to the prince if you wait billions of years.” Oh wow, may be so, now it becomes believable. No, it's still a fairy tale. It's a stupid idea. 
But the geologic column is where it all started. We covered that on video #4, and some more on video #6 about the geologic column. The earth was divided up into layers; Cenozoic, Mesozoic, Paleozoic, Archaeozoic, etc. Each layer was assigned a name, an age, and an index fossil. We covered that on video four. Then they said: “Now we have to prove these layers are old.” So they picked the numbers out of the clear blue sky and any dating technique that comes along, like carbon dating or any other, has to match the geologic column, or it's rejected. Only because the geologic column has been taught for 180 years now, so surely it's true. No, just because it's been taught 180 years doesn't make it true. But that's the logic the scientists will have. “Oh, we know the geologic column is established, therefore any carbon dates we get should match that. If they don't, we'll throw them out. And we'll keep testing till we do.” They may have to test a sample 5 or 6 times till they get the number they want. Well, how do you know any of them are right then, if you are getting a different number every time? How would you know that any of them are right? “Radiometric dating would not have been feasible, if the geologic column had not been erected first.”
Plants breathe in carbon dioxide, and there's a very little bit of radio-active Carbon-14, 0.0000765%. 
Carbon 14 is unstable. It does not like being carbon 14. It wants to get out of this situation, so it breaks down. About half of it will break down on a statistical average, about half of it is going to fall apart every 5,700 years. Now, it is doing this on a purely random procedure. I mean, you've got a pile of molecules. You never know which one is going to fall apart. But statistics tell us, about half of them will fall apart every 5,700 years, roughly. Now while it is carbon 14, it is floating around in the atmosphere. Like the rest of the carbon and it latches onto oxygen, like carbon often does and becomes carbon dioxide. And they hook up and they are happily floating around the atmosphere. And the plants are breathing in CO
Probably during your lifetime, you've either eaten plants or you've eaten animals that have eaten plants. How many of you have ever done that before? Like today for lunch right, ok. Everything we do is from one of those 2 sources, it is plants or animals that eat plants. Well, the plants are absorbing CO
Anyway, this guy says even these diamonds have Carbon-14. He says they “cannot be contaminated. These constitute very strong evidence that the earth is only thousands, not billions of years old.”
But what you don't know is that I have drilled holes in the barrel. While you're putting it in, the water is leaking out. It's kind of like your checkbook, you know. You keep putting it in and it keeps leaking out someplace, right, how many of you have discovered that. You got a ring, Jonathan, you are discovering it now, right. Well, the earth's atmosphere is kind of like this barrel. It's always getting brand new Carbon-14. 21 pounds every year being put in, and it's always leaking out through decay. So the question would be, how long would it take to reach a stage called equilibrium? Now with a barrel, you can actually do the math and calculate, if I'm gonna put in a certain amount of water per minute and a certain amount per minute leaks out, when will I reach equilibrium, and where... this can all be calculated, you know, with a little bit of math. And with the atmosphere, they said: “When will the atmosphere reach equilibrium?” So, the guys who invented carbon dating in the late ’40s said: “I wonder about this Earth's atmosphere reaching equilibrium.” They did a bunch of studies on that, and said: “Now, if we took a brand new planet earth, created it from scratch, and got it going around the sun, how long would it take to reach this equilibrium point in the atmosphere where the production rate and the destruction rate is the same?” And they determined it would take about 30,000 years to reach equilibrium. I'm not sure how they did all that, you can probably see some RATE scientist and figure it out. Then they made two mistakes, in my totally unbiased opinion. They said: 
It doesn't work. There's a website, www.arky.org, he's got more stuff on the earth has not reached equilibrium, you got some articles there by Ron Cooper. But this is a calibration curve. If an animal is still alive, it should give you about 16 clicks on your Geiger counter per minute per gram. If you're only getting eight, you say it's been through one half-life or four clicks, two half-lives, three half-lives, etc. This is called the calibration curve. In theory it sounds like it should work. But there are several real obvious assumptions. I don't know how they don't see it. 
Seven inches (18 cm) tall. 
When they first invented carbon dating in 1949, William Libby did some testing and they said: “The lower leg of a mammoth was 15,000 years old, but the skin was 21,000.” How can two parts of the same animal be different ages? Quite obviously, we know one of the numbers is wrong. So how would you know either of them are right? And if either one is right, how would you know which one? I see no way to tell. Well, let's see if it is getting better. 
In 1971, a freshly killed seal was 1,300 years old when they carbon dated it. 
This whole blessed thing is nothing but 13th Century alchemy.” And I agree. That's 1981. I've got all these in chronological order. It never gets better. 
February of 2005. He had dated the ‘Bischof-Speyer’ skeleton at 21,300 years old, but when they tested it at Oxford, they said it was only 3,300 years old.
[1975] In the Geological Survey Professional Paper 862, and I get some flack over this, but I've got the paper in the library somewhere. We couldn't find it here. There are all kinds of articles about carbon dating of things in Alaska. I just want to show you a few things here. They carbon dated sample #SI454. See that on the chart there and said it was 17,210 years plus or minus 500. Then they tested sample #SI455 and said: “It's 24,140 years old.” Well, 17,000, or 24,000, you say that's looking good until you find out that's the same sample as 454. Very same sample, tested again. So is it 17,000 or 24,000? Sample #299 was less than 20,000 years old. That little carat means less than. Sample #L136 is greater than 28,000. You say: “Well, that's working good.” This sample is less than 20,000 and that other sample is more than 28,000, until you find out it's the same sample as #299. How can a sample be less than 20 and greater than 28 at the same time? I taught algebra for a long time, and I don't think you can do such a thing. That's not too good. 
I was in a debate one time, and this professor was getting so upset. Finally, he said: “How can you use ‘Reader's Digest’ as a resource?” I said: “Sir, I use the ‘Reader's Digest’ as a resource for the picture of the dinosaur bone. It's not the resource for the fact, ok. That's where I got the picture from.” - “Oh, ok, ok,” and we went on with the debate. But yes, dinosaurs are today 70 million years old. A Russian scientist dated dinosaur bones at less than 30,000 years old. Hugh Miller from Columbus, Ohio took in four dinosaur bone samples and said: “Will you carbon date these?” And they charge like $600.00 to carbon date something. They carbon dated them and said they are less than 20,000 years old. He said: “Oh, by the way, these are dinosaur bones.” They said: “Oh, then they're not 20,000. We've got to test them again.” Why can't they be 20,000? They said: “Well, we know dinosaurs lived 70 million years ago, so if you had told us that, we never would have carbon dated them.” One friend of mine, died here several years ago, but he was digging and doing a lot of archaeological work. And he dug down in this well and he found layers of burned wood, which is good to carbon date, because obviously, you know, it had carbon in it. And he put it in bag, labeled it Sample A from such and such a layer and however many feet down, he labeled it A. He dug down ten or 20 more feet (3 to 6 m), found another layer of burned wood. (A city had been destroyed.) He labeled that one Sample B. He took them in to have them carbon dated. He paid them $600.00. They said Sample A is, I forget, 3,000 years old and this one is 4,000 years old. He waited 6 months, switched the labels, took them back into the same laboratory, and said, I want you to carbon date these samples. Now, sample B, the lower one, is in the top bag, just switched the label sand he's been given the same results, 3,000 and 4,000. It doesn't work. It has never worked. 
Here are some things to consider about carbon dating. When you date a sample of known age; it doesn't work. If you date a sample of unknown age; it is assumed to work. That's not science, ok. As things decay, they produce helium. This helium, the amount of helium in the atmosphere is only enough to account for a few thousand or a few million years, not billions of years.
They do a lot of testing on this. They are probably the experts on this in the creation community. This guy said: “The rocks do date the fossils, but the fossils date the rocks more accurately.”
I talked to him back in 1999. He's in Oklahoma, and there is his phone number. He was the Chief of Engineering and Operations for the Lunar and Earth Science Division of the Manned Spacecraft Center for NASA in Houston. He worked on Lunar samples including the Genesis rock. He told me they found ages from 10,000 years to several billion in the same rock. His website is, www.jpdawson.com. How can one rock be 10,000 years old and several billion years old at the same time? Something is wrong, ok. The book, Bones of Contention has a great chapter at the end called, “The Dating Game” showing how that they will just change the dates whenever necessary. If it doesn't fit the theory, oh, let's test it again, until it fits the theory. See, the theory is important. The facts are not. Evolution as I have said many times, is a carefully protected state religion. And that's all it is. 
“What about potassium-argon (K-Ar) dating? Does that work?” Actually, the numbers are bigger, but the problems and assumptions are exactly the same. And you can demonstrate it doesn't work. Potassium decays very slowly. This chart shows the different elements and their half-lives. Carbon has a half-life of around 5,700 years, but potassium it takes 1.3 billion years, with a ‘b’, for half of that to disappear. It very slowly decays. By the way, I would like to point out, Your Honor, just for, you know, appeal, that all the dating methods are based on the decay of an element. Uranium decays to lead. Potassium decays to argon. They are all moving down the Periodic Table; not up. All going down. Just point out, keep that in mind in case we need to appeal this case, alright. “80% of the potassium in a small sample of an iron meteorite can be removed by distilled water in 4½ hours.”
When the rock gets melted and shot out of a volcano, all the gas escapes. And so the theory says, this new layer should have been..., the clock is now reset. It is zero years old. Even though when it was in the earth, it's, you know, 4 billion years old, now all the argon is gone, because it accumulated this argon for millions of years, but now pooof, it melted and the gas is gone. So, we can potassium-argon date this lava or ash or any volcanic material. Well, they had been dating this layer of ash, named after Kay Behrensmeyer, because she did research on them [KBS = Kay Behrensmeyer Site]. They said it's 212 to 230 million years old. All the scientists agreed that layer of ash is around 200 million years old. 
Until Richard Leakey came along in 1972. And he's digging around under the KBS Tuff, and he finds a perfectly normal human skull. Everybody panics and says: “How can you have a normal human skull under 200 million year old rock, when man didn't even evolve till like 3 million years ago? That's not possible.” And so they looked for things like, was this a burial site, did someone dig through and bury this person down here? Was there an earthquake? Is there a fault line near here someplace? No. All they could conclude is there was a normal human skull under 200 million year old rock. So what do you conclude? One group studied this and said: “Well, that proves aliens came here 200 million years ago.” Would you just consider that maybe the rock is not 200 million years old? After they found out that it could not be an intrusion, or a burial or anything else, it had to be legitimately placed there, I mean it was buried under this ash layer, they took 10 more samples of the KBS Tuff and dated them again. Keep in mind they had already dated them a bunch of times, and everybody agreed it was 212 million years old. But now they take ten more samples and checked them again and say: “Oh, no, it's only 0.5 to 2.6 million.”
By 1969, when I was a kid and they went to the moon, they brought back moon rocks and said: “Oh, they're 3.5 billion years old.” That was the official age; 3.5 billion. By the way, they did it with potassium-argon dating. You can see the article here from the newspaper. 
So again, when you test a sample of known age; it doesn't work. And if you test a sample of unknown age; it is assumed to work. We know it doesn't work when you know the age. But when you don't know the age they say it works. So it just doesn't work. I'm tired of them using our tax dollars to call that science. That is not science. That's pure imagination. There is a whole bunch more in the book The Evolution Cruncher if you want more on that. Or in the RATE project book, Radioisotopes and the Age of the Earth if you want more, or there's a whole lot of good stuff in Walt Brown's book, In the Beginning. He's a PhD in physics, an Air Force academy professor for years in Colorado. He got great stuff in here. I differ with him on a couple of little things. Of course I differ with probably everybody on a couple things. The only one right about everything is of course me. But we're trying to get them converted. We take a 5 minute break, come back and talk about: “Have fresh dinosaur bones been found?” |
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| Creation Science Evangelism 488 Pearl Lane Repton, AL 36475 1 (855) BIG-DINO (244-3466) Official Website |
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| Copyright © 2005. Made available on the Internet by Michel Snoeck, A.D. 2013. This page revised: 6 August, 2019 |
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